DSST Ethics in America Practice Exam 2026 – Comprehensive Prep Guide

Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory that holds that the moral worth of an action is determined solely by its outcomes. Specifically, it asserts that actions are right if they promote the greatest happiness or the best overall consequences for the largest number of people. This approach involves calculating the balance of good over bad consequences: if the positive outcomes outweigh the negative ones, then the action can be deemed morally acceptable.

In contrast, deontological ethics focuses on the intrinsic morality of actions themselves, regardless of the consequences. Egoism emphasizes self-interest as the primary motivator in determining the morality of actions, which differs from the broader focus of utilitarianism on collective well-being. Virtue ethics centers on the character of the moral agent rather than the consequences of specific actions. Thus, utilitarianism stands out as it prioritizes the results, specifically aiming for the maximization of overall happiness, which directly aligns with the premise of the question.